The suggested citation for all versions of Distance is:Distance Citation and Authors
Citing Distance
The suggested citation for all versions of Distance is:
Thomas, L., S.T. Buckland, E.A. Rexstad, J. L. Laake, S. Strindberg, S. L. Hedley, J. R.B. Bishop, T. A. Marques, and K. P. Burnham. 2010. Distance software: design and analysis of distance sampling surveys for estimating population size. Journal of Applied Ecology 47: 5-14. DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2664.2009.01737.x
We have arranged for the article to be freely available to all, and electronic copies may be downloaded from:
We suggest in your write-ups, you be explicit about the version and release number of Distance you used, since results may vary between versions. For example, you might write in a methods section: "Analyses were carried out using Distance 6.0 release 2 (Thomas et al. 2010)" where the citation lists the above paper.
We will update the help pages in Distance that give suggested citation in the next release.
Contacting the Authors
Sending Comments and Suggestions
We welcome your comments about Distance, and your suggestions for future versions of the software. Please e-mail us at
distance@mcs.st-and.ac.uk. You should also use this address if you have any comments or questions about the Distance web pages.Reporting Problems
If you are having problems with Distance, please check the manual and readme file (ReadMe.rtf) carefully, and read the
latest news about Distance. Also, you may want to check the archives of the distance-sampling e-mail list.Once you have exhausted these possibilities, please send a message detailing the problem to the e-mail address
distance@mcs.st-and.ac.uk. We'll get back to you as soon as possible. Please remember that Distance is free, so techical support is given on a "best effort" basis (i.e., we'll do the best we can, given our other commitments).Distance development team
Distance Development team in a meeting, Summer 2001.
Left to right: John Pollard, Ken Burnham, Steve Buckland, Sharon Hedley, David
Borchers, Len Thomas, Fernanda Marques, Jeff Laake, Samantha Strindberg.
David Anderson, Eric Rexstad and Jon Bishop are absent;
Tiago Marques is behind the camera.
Len Thomas is a research fellow with the Centre for Research into Ecological and Environmental Modelling (CREEM) at the University of St Andrews, Scotland.
Len Thomas (see above)
Jeffrey L. Laake is a statistician at the National Marine Mammal Laboratory in Seattle, USA.
Eric Rexstad is the head of the Research Unit for Wildlife Population Assessment, a research unit within CREEM at the University of St. Andrews, Scotland.
Samantha Strindberg is a quantitative ecologist working in the Living Landscapes Program at the Wildlife Conservation Society, New York, USA. She was formerly a graduate student in the School of Mathematics and Statistics, University of St. Andrews, Scotland.
Fernanda Marques works for Funbio (Brazilian Biodiversity Fund) in Brazil. She was formerly a graduate student in the School of Mathematics and Statistics, University of St. Andrews.
Jon Bishop is a is a post-doctoral research fellow within CREEM at the University of St Andrews.
Stephen T. Buckland holds the Chair in Statistics in the School of Mathematics and Statistics at the University of St. Andrews, Scotland.
David L. Borchers is a Reader in Statistics in the School of Mathematics and Statistics at the University of St. Andrews, Scotland.
Jeffrey L. Laake (see above)
David R. Anderson is emeratus Professor of Fishery and Wildlife Biology at Colorado State University, USA, and was formerly Leader of the Colorado Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit before retiring in May 2003.
Kenneth P. Burnham is emeratus Professor of Biological Statistics at Colorado State University, Fort Collins, USA, and was formerly Assistant Leader of the Colorado Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit .
Sharon L. Hedley consultant statistician based in Fife, Scotland.
John H. Pollard is a software engineer and was also formerly a graduate student in the School of Mathematics and Statistics at the University of St. Andrews.
Tiago A. Marques is a post-doctoral research fellow within CREEM at the University of St Andrews.
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